Xi`an Eastling Biotech Co., Ltd.
Diamond Supplier
- Diamond
Supplier - 1st
years
Diamond Supplier
Product Certification&
Enterprise Certification
Country: 
China (Mainland)
Business Type:Lab/Research institutions
Tel: +86-156-91766041
Mobile:
Tel: +86-156-91766041
Fax:
URL: http://www.eastlingbiotech.com/
Province/state: Shaanxi
City: Xi'an city
Street: No. 201, Unit 4, Building 9, Hongqi Community, Tanjia Street, Weiyang District, Xi 'an, Shaanxi
MaxCard:
Contact Suppliers
CAS NO.4368-28-9
98%(500-1000)Kilogram98%(100-500)Metric Ton
TETRODOTOXIN
CAS: 4368-28-9
Molecular Formula: C11H17N3O8
| Name | TETRODOTOXIN |
| Synonyms | TETRODOTOXIN PUFFERFISHTOXIN PUFFERFISHPOISONING Tetrodotoxin, citrate free TETRODOTOXIN WITH CITRATE BUFFER TETRODOTOXIN WITHOUT CITRATE BUFFER |
| CAS | 4368-28-9 |
| EINECS | 224-458-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C11H17N3O8 |
| Molar Mass | 319.27 |
| Density | 1.3768 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 280 °C (decomp) |
| Boling Point | 458.31°C (rough estimate) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | D25 -8.64° (c = 8.55 in dil acetic acid) |
| Solubility | H2O: stable at pH 4-5 if stored frozensoluble |
| Appearance | powder |
| Color | white |
| Merck | 13,9318 |
| pKa | 8.76 (water); 9.4 (50% alc) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Refractive Index | 1.5700 (estimate) |
| Overview | tetrodotoxin, known as tetrodotoxin(TTX), is a natural sodium channel blocker (S1SCB), information transmission is prevented by blocking pathways in the cell membrane. It is this special achievement of the fugu "fatal" charm! Once you eat its toxic meat, it can cause paralysis of the diaphragm in the release of toxins with super endurance, until suffocation and death. The toxins in puffer fish. It is a complex compound of polyhydroxy perhydromethylquinazoline. The elemental composition is about C10-12H15-19O8-10N3, weakly alkaline, colorless crystals. The LD50 of the lethal dose for mice is 5 x 10-9-10 x 10-9, and 0.3 mg for a human of medium weight will die within 1-2 hours. Tetrodotoxin generally exists in the blood, ovary, skin, liver. However, the muscle of the double spot and round gall bladder also contains strong toxicity, and the dark color of the kidney is the strongest. The toxicity of fugu varies with the season, and the toxicity is the strongest in winter and spring. Juvenile fish is no less toxic than adult fish. Tetrodotoxin stability, salt, Sun, general cooking can not be detoxified, if mixed with non-toxic fish, non-toxic fish can also be its toxin pollution. Tetrodotoxin acts on the nerve center, will lead to respiratory and circulatory failure. tetrodotoxin has anti-cancer effect and is a therapeutic drug in the late stage of cancer. 100 tetrodotoxin can be prepared from tetrodotoxin ovary 1-2 grams. The extraction process is: water extract boiling, filtration, chromatography, elution with 10% acetic acid. The eluate was adsorbed with activated carbon, then eluted with dilute acetic acid, and the eluate was crystallized and precipitated with tetrodotoxin. Fugu is about 500 kinds of marine toxic fish, the most common human and animal poison, such as cerulae (Procupine) fish,10 species, Sunfich (1 species), Puffers (40 species). There are more than 10 species distributed along the coast of China, commonly known as "Xiaoyu spot", "Dayu spot", "Wu Wolf", " "," wax head "," by fish "," chicken bubble "and so on. "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" by Zhang Zhongjing of the Eastern Han Dynasty (about yuan 200 years) clearly pointed out the toxicity of fugu. Later in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" on the study of marine toxins, has made remarkable achievements. |
| Use | tetrodotoxin acts on the nerve center, leading to respiratory and circulatory failure. Tetrodotoxin has anti-cancer effect, is the treatment of late cancer drugs. 100 tetrodotoxin can be prepared from tetrodotoxin ovary 1-2 grams. The extraction process is: water extract boiling, filtration, chromatography, elution with 10% acetic acid. The eluate was adsorbed with activated carbon, then eluted with dilute acetic acid, and the eluate was crystallized and precipitated with tetrodotoxin. Fugu is about 500 kinds of marine toxic fish, the most common human and animal poison, such as pruviaceae (10 species), rollepiedaceae (Sunfich,1), cerulaceae (Puffers,40 species). There are more than 10 species distributed along the coast of China, commonly known as "Xiaoyu spot", "Dayu spot", "Wu Wolf", " "," wax head "," by fish "," chicken bubble "and so on. "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" by Zhang Zhongjing of the Eastern Han Dynasty (about yuan 200 years) clearly pointed out the toxicity of fugu. Later in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" on the study of marine toxins, has made remarkable achievements. pharmaceutical raw materials |
| component | toxic component in puffer fish. With the nerve, muscle paralysis. Is an amino hydroquinazoline compound (aminoperhydroquinazaline), molecular formula is C11H17N3O8, molecular weight is 319, the LD50 of mice intraperitoneal injection is 8 μg/kg, more than 500 times stronger than sodium cyanide toxicity. Tetrodotoxin causes lethality, which is generally believed to be due to its obstruction of the membrane permeability of Na, thereby hindering the nerve and muscle excitation communication. Tetrodotoxin is stable to heat, and can not completely lose its toxicity in the sun, boiling and salt. Toxins mainly exist in the ovary, liver, blood, eyes, gills, kidney and skin, testis and muscle rarely. In addition to the presence of tetrodotoxin in the body of the puffer, in recent years, in the cloud of farreri fish (Gobius criniser), California Fornia salamander and the seal-printed turtle, Japan east wind snail and other fish, amphibians are also found in vivo. |
| Structure and properties | The Chemical Study of tetrodotoxin began in 1909, and the structure of TTX was determined by Woodward after 1964, in 1972, Kishi et al. successfully synthesized tetrodotoxin by chemical methods. The molecular formula of tetrodotoxin is C11H17N3O8 with a molecular weight of 319.27. The molecule is mainly composed of three nitrogen atoms, which form a special structure with the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It contains 1 carbocyclic ring, 1 guanidyl Group, 6 hydroxyl groups, and one half-aldehyde-sugar lactone attached to separate rings at the C- 5 and C- 10 positions. Some experts call it "one of nature's most exotic molecules" and one of the world's deadliest poisons. The toxicity of 1g tetrodotoxin is 10000 times that of 1g cyanide. TTX crude product is brown-yellow powder, pure product is colorless crystal, acicular or diamond-shaped, odorless, tasteless, hygroscopic deliquescence, insoluble in anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene and other organic solvents, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in dilute aqueous acid solution. TTX in the solution of TTX, semi-acetal TTX, lactone TTX dynamic equilibrium of three kinds of structure. TTX is stable in physical and chemical properties, and is stable to heat under neutral and acidic conditions. It starts carbonization at 240 ℃, but does not decompose above 300 ℃. It is easy to decompose in aqueous alkali solution, and can be decomposed into yellow crystalline 2-amino-6-hydroxymethyl-8-hydroxy-quinazoline in 5% potassium hydroxide solution at 80 ℃ ~ 100 ℃, this is also the theoretical basis of TTX chemical detection method. |
| Source | tetrodotoxin can be detected in a variety of animals and is not specific to fugu. So where does tetrodotoxin come from At present, there are mainly two kinds of internal and external causes. Matsumura et al found that the toxicity of tetrodotoxin increased with the development of embryos from the embryos of puffer fish oocytes by insemination, and proposed that TTX is the product of puffer fish embryos, but there is no more evidence to confirm this. The so-called hypothesis of food chain and the hypothesis of microbial origin. YujiNagashima et al. performed the experiment by using different liver slices of the ragfish. Liver sections were incubated in medium with a tetrodotoxin concentration of 25 μg/mL, and detection of tetrodotoxin accumulation showed that the accumulation of tetrodotoxin was different between fugu and ragfish livers, they differ not in the secretory capacity of tetrodotoxin, but in its absorptive capacity. The in vitro accumulation of tetrodotoxin supports the theory of external cause. Although the origin of tetrodotoxin has been controversial, researchers have not found toxin-secreting glands or ducts in puffer fish so far, however, tetrodotoxin and its analogs have been detected from the fermentation products of marine bacteria. Tetrodotoxin is thought to originate from ingestion. Researchers believe that the food chain is the main accumulation pathway of tetrodotoxin. To prove its origin, several tetrodotoxin-resistant organisms were studied, several intestinal bacteria were isolated from them, and it was proved that certain intestinal bacteria do produce tetrodotoxin, it is concluded that the initial producers of tetrodotoxin in the oceans are these marine bacteria. In addition, the experiment of the accumulation of tetrodotoxin through the food chain, or parasitic (Symbiotic) and other pathways of the zooplankton confirmed that the higher the organisms in the food chain have a higher concentration of tetrodotoxin. This hypothesis is also demonstrated by the fact that non-toxic fugu fish are poisoned by feeding a feed containing tetrodotoxin. |
| Product characteristics | tetrodotoxin is a toxic component in puffer fish, which is extremely toxic and has the effect of paralyzing nerves and muscles. Belonging to polyhydroxy perhydromethylquinazoline complex compounds, not belonging to alkaloids, but similar to alkaloids in structure, white crystalline powder, optical rotation:-8.64 °(25 ° C, 8.55% dilute acetic acid), dark color above 220 deg C without decomposition, soluble in dilute acetic acid, slightly soluble in water, ethanol and ether, almost insoluble in other organic solvents. It is unstable to heat and can destroy its toxicity in strongly acidic and alkaline solutions. There is a strong neurotoxicity, can block the Impulse nerve conduction, paralysis of striated muscles and respiratory muscles, so that breathing stopped and died. With the stone room clam toxin, the meat poison fish toxin together called the three major marine pollution toxins. Usually found in the vertebrate gate of the fugu, California crenodts, cloud-spotted shrimp Tiger and fin fish, mollusks door of the blue ring fish, east wind snail, snail, frog, etc, among the animals such as the acanthopanax seborrhei and the Aijie crab of the arthropod phylum. Its content varies according to the species, distribution area and season of the animal, and has an exogenous source of toxicity. The source of tetrodotoxin can be traced from edible algae such as fish to fungi or symbiotic bacteria. The main toxic effect is the paralysis of the body's peripheral nerves. Poisoning is the main symptoms of the mouth, tongue, fingertips tingling, due to paralysis of the heart and respiratory paralysis and death. tetrodotoxin is one of the most toxic non-protein substances found in nature and one of the most toxic of all natural poisons. It can cause central and peripheral nerve paralysis, in a few hours to stop breathing and death. The determination of its virulence is equivalent to 1250 times of sodium cyanide, 1g of tetrodotoxin can cause 2000 deaths. 0.5mg of this product can poison a person weighing 70kg (Human lethal dose 7 μg/kg). The human oral lethal dose was estimated to be 0.54mg to 0.9mg. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with an LD50 of 10 μg/kg, and mice were given oral ld500.435 mg/kg or 0.332mg/kg. It does not affect the nerve, muscle resting potential, but can block its excitation. No effect on the excitation of smooth muscle, in the study of the effect of drugs on smooth muscle and cell membrane and sodium, potassium ion transport, very low concentration of this product can selectively inhibit sodium ions through the nerve cell membrane, this can be used as a tool for pharmacological analysis. Tetrodotoxin is also a useful tool for the Study of neurophysiology and muscle physiology and has been used clinically as an analgesic instead of morphine. |
Mol Download Chemical properties
CAS:
4368-28-9
MF:
C11H17N3O8
MW:
319.27
EINECS:
224-458-8
MDL No.:
MFCD00213719
Melting point:
280 °C (decomp)
alpha
D25 -8.64° (c = 8.55 in dil acetic acid)
Boiling point:
458.31°C (rough estimate)
Density
1.3768 (rough estimate)
refractive index
1.5700 (estimate)
storage temp.
2-8°C
solubility
H2O: stable at pH 4-5 if stored frozensoluble
form
powder
pka
8.76 (water); 9.4 (50% alc)
color
white
Merck
13,9318
Stability:
Acid Sensitive, Hygroscopic
Xi'an Eastling biotech Co., Ltd. is dedicated to the research and development, production, and sales of natural plant extracts; With nearly 15 years of experience in identifying, researching, developing, and producing active ingredients for medicinal plants, we focus on providing innovative products and services to customers in industries such as pharmaceuticals, health food, and cosmetics.
Eastling Biotechnology has established a global direct harvesting system for plant raw materials, ensuring the high quality and authenticity of raw materials, while also protecting the continuity and diversity of plants; Having strong research and development capabilities, we can develop more effective and specialized plant active ingredients for the pharmaceutical, health food, and cosmetics industries; We have established an advanced quality control system, and the quality control of our products depends on advanced testing instruments and high-level technical experts. The effective combination of the two forms Eastling's ability to quickly and rigorously control product quality.
We have a production system that complies with Chinese GMP and American cGMP certifications, as well as advanced and optimized large-scale industrial production technology. In addition to producing specific products for Eastling Biotechnology, we also provide customized services to meet the characteristics and needs of different customers to produce customized products.
We believe that natural active ingredients are the foundation of our service to customers. Scientific and effective production technology is the foundation for us to provide customers with specialized products. We have the ability to serve customers in the pharmaceutical, health food, and cosmetics industries, provide new product solutions, and add new value to their products.